Pigmented Birthmarks
- Nevus of Ota and Nevus of Hori - slate-brown or blue/grey coloured birthmarks found on the face.
- Mongolian spots - bruised or bluish birthmarks found on the back or buttocks of babies.
- Cafe-au-lait spots - light brown to dark flat spots associated with neurofibromatosis if there are 6 or more spots.
- Nevi or moles - flesh-coloured to light-to-dark brown and should be checked for changes using the ABCDE method.
![](https://cdn1.npcdn.net/userfiles/23569/image/04_Pigmented_Birthmarks.jpg)
Vascular Birthmarks
- Macular stains - mild red marks that usually appear on the forehead and eyelids or the back of the neck.
- Hemangiomas - growths made up of many tiny blood vessels, commonly found on the face, trunks, arms, and legs.
- Port wine stains - flat pink, red, or purple marks caused by abnormal development of capillaries, commonly found on the face, trunk, arms, or legs.
![](https://cdn1.npcdn.net/userfiles/23569/image/05_Vascular_Birthmarks.jpg)
Treatments for vascular birthmarks include topical medications, oral beta blockers, corticosteroids, laser treatments, and surgery.
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